Toroidal Ferroelectricitity in PbTiO_{3} Nanoparticles

Toroidal Ferroelectricitity in PbTiO_{3} Nanoparticles
M. G. Stachiotti and M. Sepliarsky
Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 137601 (2011)

(a) Pz polarization mapfor a 20x20x20 nanodot at T ¼ 50 K. (b) Vortexlike structure of the local polarizations in a 20x20x20 nanoparticle. The arrows give the direction of the projected displacement along the yz plane, and the arrow length indicates the projectedmagnitude. (c) Temperature dependence of the modulus of the
toroidal moment for several cubic nanodots.