Heat dissipation in NP assemblies

Ferromagnetism, hysteresis and enhanced heat dissipation in assemblies of superparamagnetic nanoparticles.
Vanchna Singh and Varsha Banerjee
J.Appl. Phys. 112, 114912 (2012)

Typical hysteresis loops corresponding to 10 nm diameter magnetite particles for increasing values of N, the number of particles/cc. The inset shows M=Ms for the two lower concentrations to clarify the deviation from the Langevin response (for N ¼ 1010) to the emergence of hysteresis loops with increasing concentrations (interactions).