Vortices in spherical shells

Out-of-surface vortices in spherical shells.
Volodymyr P. Kravchuk, Denis D. Sheka, Robert Streubel, Denys Makarov, Oliver G. Schmidt, and Yuri Gaididei
ArXiv 1202.6002 (2012)

All possible vortex states of the spherical surface. The left column demonstrates the model out-of-surface magnetization
distribution given by Eq. (4) for all possible combinations of polarities. The right graph shows the corresponding distributions of the phase. For the correspondence, we use the notation p1p2, e.g. "+1-1" means p1 = +1 and p2 = -1