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| Characteristic time scales in ultrafast laser induced magnetization dynamics experiments. |
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| Characterization of the Fe3O4–ZnO core–shell nanoparticle. a) Core/shell NP and TEM image. b) Point-probe analysis using TEM equipped with EDX. c) Photographs showing the homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles. d) Magnetic hysteresis curves.e) Photoluminescence spectrum of the peptide-linked NPs. |
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| Muon spin relaxation rate in Dy2Ti2O7. Individal μSR spectra were analysed using a phenomenological stretched exponential form commonly used to model glassy systems. |
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| Polarization ez (left scale) and feedback field p_H (right scale). |
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| The frequencies of the modes of the isolated elements of different sizes are shown as a function of their ellipticity. In the inset, the mode spectrum of the isolated 100 × 50 × 10 nm3 element is shown. |
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| Phase diagram for a material in the QSL phase of Eq. (1) at T=H=0. At a low H and T, the QSL state supports exotic excitations: ‘‘magnetic’’ (red sphere) and‘‘electric’’ (yellow sphere) monopoles, and an emergent photon (wavy line). The field Hc marks a quantum critical point: the confinement phase transition. For H>Hc, the ground state is a simple field-polarized ferromagnet (FM), and the elementary excitations are conventional magnetic dipoles. |
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| a) Spin configurations on a tetrahedra that obey the “ice-rules.” (b) Proposed low-temperature phases of a quantumspin ice consist of a magnetically polarized high-field phase with usual spin-flip excitations (shown at right) and a low-field phase consisting of “emergent” dynamical photons (shown by a wavy line) and electric and magnetic charges (shown schematically as plus and minus charges with emanating electric fields and north (N) and south (S) poles with emanating magnetic fields). |
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| Recovering an image corrupted by noise by encoding in different magnetic states. |
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| (a) The relative L3 ratio difference (DeltaR3) as a function of the CoO thickness. (b) Percentage of the CoO frozen spins deduced from (a). (c) Uniaxial anisotropy field in Fig. 3(b) follows the CoO frozen spins. |
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| Hysteresis loops and visualizations of four typical particles, each with different interfaces. Each interface structure gives rise to different hysteresis, with different degrees of exchange bias. |
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| (a) M(H) curves at 5 K under ZFC and FC modes. For the FC hysteresis loop, the sample is cooled in HFC = 20 kOe from 100 K to 5 K. (b) Left Y-axis shows the ratio of pinned magnetic moments Pin = Mpin/MS at 5 K. The right Y-axis shows theexchange bias field HE and coercivity HC at 5 K. |
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| Schematic picture of ICO (left) and CUBO (right) with labeling of each atomic site. |
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| Measured frequencies (dots) as a function of the SW wave vector along the principal directions of the 1st BZ, for an external magnetic field H=1.0 kOe. The calculated dispersion curves are also reported. |
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| Dependence of the (a) coercive field HC and (b) loop shift HS on the maximum field Hmax in ferritin, for different cooling fields Hcool. |
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| The ground-state spin configurations for the S = 1 ferromagnetic Blume-Capel model at T=0. |
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| (a) Schematic coupling of a PM Mn spin between two FM layers. (b) Calculated lateral variation of J_LSC at 30 K. (c) RKKY exchange fields acting on loose Mn atoms derived by fits to the experimental data. Black dots indicate (111) planes in the fcc lattice. The extended plateau on either side of the plot indicates Mn impurities in the direct vicinity of the Co layers experiencing direct magnetic exchange. |
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| The relaxed magnetization configurations for θP = 0◦ (a) and θP = 90◦ (b). The sketches on the corners of the two figures show that the DW moves into the barrier to allow the magnetization to align along the pinning direction in the barrier. |
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| Temperature dependence of the experimental ZF magnetic heat capacities for DyPO4 (top) and GdPO4 (bottom) for both nanoparticles and bulk, compared to the MC simulations (lines). |
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| Schematic of the translation motion of the domain wall in a uniform magnetic field. |
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| Schematic of a magnetic wire with domains. The colour and the arrows indicate the magnetization direction. |
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| Mapping of the powder average S(Q) in Tb2Sn2O7 measured at 1.3K (top) and 65mK (bottom). |
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| Strain maps of a single crystal iron oxide MNP. Superposed: ZFC/FC hysteresis loops for 18 nm FeO NPs |
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| Phase diagram of the anisotropic Heisenberg model with dipolar interactions for fixed A/J = 1 in the (D/J, T) space. The black solid line represents the transition lines as obtained using a cut-off in the dipolar interactions and the solid black line are the results obtained when full long-range interactions are consider. |
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| The nanoskyrmion lattice of the Fe ML on Ir(111). |
