Toxicity of SPIONs

Assessing the In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.
Morteza Mahmoudi, Heinrich Hofmann, Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,|and Alke Petri-Fink
Chemical Reviews 112, 2323 (2012)

(a) Prominent in vitro assays that are used to probe the impact of nanomaterials on cells; (b) TEM micrograph of a human
liver cell line (HepG2) showing the mechanism of action of representative cell assays (i.e., MTT, checking mitochondria activity; PI, DNA staining; BrdU, DNA replication staining; LDH, membrane integrity assessment).