Exchange bias and training effects in manganite NPs

Some articles devoted to finite-size and exchaneg bias effects in manganite NPs:

Oscillatory exchange bias and training effects in nanocrystalline Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3.
S. Narayana Jammalamadaka, S. S. Rao, S. V. Bhat, J. Vanacken, and V. V. Moshchalkov
AIP Advances 2, 012169 (2012)

(a) T variation of oscillatory exchange bias field (OEB) (b) Variation of M with FC (c) M-H loops resulted from
one step and two step field cooling process. Symmetric MH loops are evident after two step process (d) HEB and HC variation with FC. The red curve is the fit obtained from equation (1), scattered points are the experimental data.

Probing the existing magnetic phases in Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (PCMO) nanowires and nanoparticles: magnetization and magneto-transport investigations.
S S Rao and S V Bhat
J. Phys. Condens. Matter 22, 116004 (2010) 

After cooling PCMO 20 in 2, 6 and 8 T, the field is isothermally changed to 4 T at 5 K and the magnetization is measured while warming (FA 2 T, FA 6 T, FA 8 T). The variation of magnetization with the temperature in zero-field cooling (4 and 6 T), field-cooled cooling and warming at 4 T is shown as ZFC 4 T, ZFC 6 T and FCCW 4 T (a). A similar protocol was followed as mentioned above in the case of PCMO 40 to measure the magnetization with temperature (b).

Surface spin glass and exchange bias effect in Sm0.5Ca0.5MnO3 manganites nano particles
S. K. Giri, A. Poddar, and T. K. Nath
AIP Advances 1, 032110 (2011)

The schematic representation of the phenomenological model for CO/AFM bulk manganites and the corresponding nanograins.