R. L. Stamps
Nature Physics 10, 623 (2014)
Emergent ice rule and magnetic charge screening from vertex frustration in artificial spin ice.
Ian Gilbert, Gia-Wei Chern, Sheng Zhang, Liam O’Brien, Bryce Fore,, Cristiano Nisoli and Peter Schi effer
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| An initial spin (green) is placed arbitrarily on an empty lattice. A second spin is placed on a neighbouring lattice segment in a direction parallel to the first, unless the spins share a vertex, in which case the direction of the spin reverses (if the vertex is traversed in a straight line) or rotates (if a turn is taken). Subsequent spins placed in the same way eventually reach the starting position and close the loop (red). A lattice is considered 'happy' (a) when these rules can be obeyed at every segment along the loop, and 'unhappy' or vertex-frustrated (b) when they fail. |
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