Quantum Strings in Quantum Spin Ice.

Quantum Strings in Quantum Spin Ice.
Yuan Wan and Oleg Tchernyshyov
Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 247210 (2012)

(a) The checkerboard lattice. A and B denote two symmetrically inequivalent planar tetrahedra, and arrows, the local ẑ_i directions. (b) The fully polarized state when the field is applied in the c direction. Arrows denote the spin orientations. (c) A string of flipped spins (light green) binding a Q=+1 monopole (red solid circle) and a Q=-1 one (open blue circle). (d)–(f) -ImS^aa(ω,k) for k_b=0. B/h=0.5, 1.5, and 4.5, respectively.